Mayet & Associates offers specialised legal services in the area of mining law in Lesotho, supporting clients across all stages of mineral exploration, development, and commercial mining operations. Our team advises on the legal and regulatory framework governing the mining sector, ensuring full compliance with licensing requirements, environmental standards, and administrative processes. With deep knowledge of Lesotho’s mining legislation and practical experience in working with both local and international mining companies, we deliver tailored legal solutions that align with our clients’ operational and commercial goals.

Mining in Lesotho is governed by a legal framework that includes various rights and obligations, depending on the type of licence or permit granted. A prospecting licence allows the holder to search for specific minerals, carry out excavation and drilling activities, and establish temporary camps or structures in the area of interest. A mining lease, on the other hand, provides broader rights, including the ability to mine minerals, erect plants and buildings, dispose of recovered minerals, prospect within the designated area, and manage mining waste. Mining leases may be granted for up to ten years and can be renewed upon application. Mineral permits offer limited mining rights, including the right to extract minerals, dispose of them, and erect temporary facilities necessary for the operation.

Only Lesotho citizens or companies registered in Lesotho are eligible to acquire mineral rights. At present, no licences have been issued for oil and gas exploration within the country. The Government of Lesotho reserves the right to acquire up to twenty percent shareholding in any proposed mining project, ensuring national participation in resource development. Export regulations are strictly enforced, particularly for diamonds. Only licensed dealers or producers are authorised to export diamonds mined in Lesotho.

All mining operations must adhere to strict environmental requirements, including measures to prevent pollution, manage waste responsibly, and rehabilitate disturbed areas. Compliance with international standards is mandatory, and operators must ensure that activities are carried out in a sustainable and environmentally sound manner. Health and safety in the mining industry is regulated by the Mine Safety Act of 1981, which sets out the obligations of employers and protections for workers on site.

Although there are currently no detailed procedures for administrative appeals under mining law, the judiciary in Lesotho specifically the High Court and the Court of Appeal holds inherent powers to review and overturn administrative decisions. This provides an important legal safeguard for rights holders and investors seeking clarity or challenging regulatory outcomes.

Mining companies holding concessions are also subject to royalty payments to the Government of Lesotho, calculated on the value of minerals extracted. These contributions form an essential part of the national revenue stream and support the broader development agenda. At Mayet & Associates, we are committed to helping clients navigate the complexities of the mining sector, from licence applications and compliance to dispute resolution and project structuring, ensuring legal certainty and strategic support every step of the way.