Introduction
On 24 December 2021, Lesotho enacted its Science and Technology Act, ushering in a new era of innovation and economic growth. This Act arrived at a pivotal time, as the global shift to digitalization—accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic—placed unprecedented demands on remote work, virtual learning, and technological solutions. For Lesotho, this legislative milestone represents a significant effort to modernize the country’s infrastructure and harness the power of science, technology, and innovation (STI).
1. Background: From STIP to LAST
Between 2006 and 2011, Lesotho introduced a Science Technology Innovation Policy (STIP) and launched the Lesotho Academy for Science and Technology (LAST). These initiatives underscore the government’s commitment to:
- Reducing poverty
- Creating jobs
- Transforming Lesotho into a dynamic economy
- Building an informed society
LAST’s primary objectives include fostering linkages between academia and industry and facilitating technological innovation and excellence in Lesotho. By embracing these foundational policies, Lesotho positioned itself to leverage science and technology for sustainable development.
2. The Role of the New Act (2021)
The Science and Technology Act 2021 builds on earlier policies and sets forth a robust legal framework that integrates:
- Inter-Ministerial Committee on Science and Technology
- Lesotho Advisory Commission for Science and Technology
- Lesotho Innovation Trust Fund
These bodies are tasked with guiding STI initiatives, coordinating national strategies, and ensuring that innovation is both well-funded and effectively managed.
3. Establishment of a Commission, Secretariat, and Board of Trustees
A defining feature of the new Act is the creation of a Commission, supported by a Secretariat, and governed by a Board of Trustees. These entities will:
- Oversee science and technology development in Lesotho
- Manage the newly formed Innovation Trust Fund
- Provide expert leadership in crafting and implementing STI projects
3.1 The Commission
Comprised of representatives from Government ministries, parastatals, institutions of higher learning, the private sector, and the general public, the Commission wields its powers in areas where scientific and technological activitiesmeet national interest. Their central mandate is to ensure that STI projects align with Lesotho’s broader economic and social objectives.
3.2 The Secretariat
Working in tandem with the Commission, the Secretariat handles day-to-day operations, administrative tasks, and strategy execution. Their role is critical for keeping all Commission activities transparent, efficient, and in line with the directives of the Act.
3.3 Board of Trustees for the Innovation Trust Fund
The Innovation Trust Fund is governed by a Board of Trustees with law, technology, and accounting expertise. Their key responsibilities include:
- Allocating finances to various projects
- Ensuring compliance with audited financial standards
- Supporting ongoing fundraising and investment efforts
4. Main Functions of the Commission (Section 5)
The Act specifies several core functions for the Commission, reflecting the government’s commitment to science-led development:
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Facilitate the Implementation of STIP
Ensuring that the Science Technology Innovation Policy is integrated across government, academia, and industry. -
Instill a Culture of Innovation
Promoting invention and creative thinking among citizens to drive economic and social advancement. -
Create Jobs & Alleviate Poverty
Leveraging scientific and technological projects to generate employment and reduce poverty. -
Build a Competitive Resource Base
Developing human and physical resources in science and technology, enabling Lesotho to stay competitive internationally. -
Identify Funding Sources
Researching and recommending funding allocations for science and technology initiatives. -
Promote Science & Technology for National Development
Raising awareness about how STI can boost Lesotho’s economic growth and governance. -
Advise Government
Providing expert guidance to relevant ministries, ensuring that legislation and policy remain updated. -
Adopt & Recommend New Developments
Encouraging the adoption of novel technological implementations, from agritech to edtech solutions.
5. Sector Committee (Section 11 & 13)
To further decentralize and streamline the advancement of science and technology, the Act establishes a sector committee. Their duties include:
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Identifying Innovations
Pinpointing creativity, inventions, and new technologies for further development or commercial application. -
Promoting Adaptations
Ensuring that new technologies meet the needs of users and beneficiaries in Lesotho. -
Developing Awareness Programs
Educating the public about the social benefits of science and technology. -
Conducting Resource Surveys
Tracking the availability of STI resources and infrastructure, guaranteeing adequacy and efficiency.
6. The Science and Technology Innovation Trust Fund (Section 15)
6.1 Purpose of the Fund
Section 15 outlines the creation of the Science and Technology Innovation Trust Fund, a dedicated financial mechanism to support research, development, and innovation across Lesotho’s public and private sectors.
6.2 Administration & Governance (Sections 16 & 17)
The Board of Trustees, appointed for a three-year term, administers the Fund. Their responsibilities include:
- Submitting audited financial records to the Commission
- Overseeing fundraising efforts
- Ensuring prudent management and equitable distribution of funds
7. Significance and Way Forward
As stated in the objects and reasons section, the core goal of the Science and Technology Act 2021 is to establish the Innovation Trust Fund and strengthen science and technology in Lesotho. By doing so, the Act:
- Empowers researchers and entrepreneurs with financial and institutional support
- Promotes cross-sector collaboration between academia, government, and the private sector
- Equips Lesotho to meet global challenges through technology-driven solutions
With continued commitment to the policies and frameworks set forth, Lesotho can anticipate a future of sustained innovation, economic growth, and social well-being.
Conclusion
The Science and Technology Act 2021 represents a transformative leap forward for Lesotho’s scientific and technological capabilities. From creating the Commission and Innovation Trust Fund to fostering an innovation culture, the Act lays the legal groundwork for a modern, knowledge-based economy. By aligning with the principles outlined in STIP and supporting institutions like LAST, Lesotho stands poised to reap the benefits of science and technology in job creation, poverty reduction, and sustainable development.